Enterprise AI adoption is hitting a regulatory wall. Organizations in highly regulated sectors—from global banking to defense and life sciences—possess petabytes of valuable data. But privacy regulations, national data sovereignty mandates, and intellectual property risks prevent them from training models on central clouds or third-party AI platforms. Duality Technologies is a leader in privacy-enhancing technologies (PETs), helping organizations collaborate and derive value from sensitive data without exposing the underlying information.
This supports privacy-preserving AI across distributed data environments, allowing organizations to meet stringent regulatory and security requirements. Duality Technologies and Red Hat provide a joint solution: combining advanced PETs with enterprise open source container infrastructure to support sovereign AI operations across on-premise, hybrid, and multicloud environments. Figure 1: Logical architecture diagram showing Duality’s PET on Red Hat infrastructure.
The architecture in Figure 1 shows how the sovereign data services and PETs use underlying hardware capabilities like AMD’s Secure Encrypted Virtualization (SEV) and Intel’s Software Guard Extensions (SGX) instruction codes to establish trusted execution environments (TEEs). Red Hat platforms are using those hardware capabilities to provide the foundation for sovereign data services. Data security traditionally focuses on 2 states: data at rest (encrypted in storage) and data in transit (encrypted across networks). However, traditional AI pipelines expose a major vulnerability: data in use .
To run an inference query or train a machine learning model, data must be decrypted in memory, leaving it vulnerable to memory dumps, administrators, or co-located, multitenant threats. Sovereign AI addresses this challenge by verifying that hardware infrastructure, training data, intermediate model weights, and final outputs remain strictly under local legal jurisdiction and administrative control. The combined solution integrates Red Hat’s enterprise Kubernetes platform with Duality’s privacy engine to safeguard the entire data lifecycle.